The devastating impact of hurricanes has brought renewed attention to the importance of the National Guard and satellite communications in disaster response, sparking debate over the potential creation of a Space National Guard as part of the U.S. Space Force.
John Klein, a professor and expert in military strategy, emphasizes the necessity of a Space National Guard for providing vital support during disaster relief efforts. National Guard forces are activated when local resources are overwhelmed by natural disasters.
Klein, presenting the second edition of his book, “Space Warfare Strategy, Principles, and Policy,” at George Washington University’s Space Policy Institute, highlights the unique capabilities of National Guard units for domestic crisis response, thanks to authorities granted under Title 32, which active-duty military lack.
Since the establishment of the U.S. Space Force in 2019, the idea of a Space National Guard has been subject to ongoing political debate. Proponents advocate for a dedicated space unit to enhance preparedness for both military and domestic emergencies. Conversely, detractors, including the White House and senior Pentagon officials, express concerns about the associated costs and potential for unnecessary bureaucracy.
Meanwhile, the role of satellite communications in disaster response has significantly expanded. Starlink, a satellite internet system operated by SpaceX, has become a vital resource for emergency connectivity, offering stable internet access when terrestrial networks are down.
In the aftermath of Hurricane Helene, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) dispatched 180 Starlink kits to North Carolina, strengthening the call for better integration of satellite technology into disaster relief efforts.
Scott Pace, director of the Space Policy Institute at George Washington University, acknowledges a shift in his own perspective on the matter. Previously opposed to the concept of a Space National Guard, Pace now sees its potential value, drawing parallels to past debates about state-level space programs.
“Back when Governor Jerry Brown proposed a space program for California, I didn’t think it was a great idea,” Pace said. “But now, seeing the role that Starlink has played in North Carolina’s disaster response, I’m beginning to think there might be room for a Space National Guard.”
Currently, approximately 700 members of the Air National Guard contribute to space operations, including satellite communications. However, the political will to create a separate Space National Guard remains uncertain. The Biden administration has consistently maintained that integrating these units into the Space Force would be a simpler and more cost-effective approach.