India achieved a significant milestone in its space program with the successful launch of the Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) on December 30th. A Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) lifted off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, carrying the SpaDeX payload and the POEM-4 secondary payload module, comprising 24 diverse experiments.
The primary objective of the SpaDeX mission is to demonstrate on-orbit docking technology using two small spacecraft, SDX01 and SDX02. This capability is paramount for India's future space endeavors, including lunar sample return missions and the construction of the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS). ISRO chairman S. Somanath expressed his satisfaction, stating, “I’m really happy to announce the successful accomplishment of the launch of PSLV-C60 for the SpaDeX mission.” He confirmed the successful deployment of solar arrays and projected a docking date of January 7th.
The mission utilizes an indigenous, low-impact docking system with an approach velocity of approximately 10 millimeters per second. Advanced sensors, including a Laser Range Finder (LRF) and Corner Cube Retro Reflectors, ensure precise docking maneuvers. A GNSS-based Relative Orbit Determination and Propagation (RODP) processor facilitates accurate relative positioning. Following docking, electrical power transfer will be demonstrated before the spacecraft separate. ISRO anticipates an operational lifespan of up to two years.
SpaDeX is integral to India's Gaganyaan program, aiming to establish independent human spaceflight capabilities by 2026. The docking technology is also crucial for the Chandrayaan-4 lunar south pole sampling mission, slated for launch around 2027 or 2028. The successful launch of SpaDeX marks India’s fifth orbital launch of 2024, highlighting the nation's growing prowess in space exploration.