The United States Space Force announced that its secretive X-37B spaceplane will execute a series of maneuvers to change its orbit and jettison components.
The reusable spacecraft, which has been in orbit since December 28, 2023, will perform aerobraking maneuvers to alter its trajectory around Earth, the Space Force said Oct. 10. This technique involves making multiple passes through the planet’s upper atmosphere, using atmospheric drag to modify the vehicle’s orbit while conserving fuel.
These maneuvers also are intended to showcase responsible space operations, the Space Force said. The aerobraking enables the spaceplane to change orbits and comply with space debris mitigation rules by safely discarding the service module.
The X-37B, manufactured by Boeing, is jointly operated by the U.S. Space Force and the Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office. Since its launch aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the spaceplane has been conducting radiation effect experiments and testing space domain awareness technologies in a highly elliptical orbit.
Experts note that the X-37B’s current mission, its seventh to date, has taken on increased significance in light of recent developments in space capabilities by other nations. The launch of the X-37B came just two weeks after China sent its own Shenlong spaceplane into orbit, fueling speculation about both countries’ intentions.
The X-37B, capable of operating at altitudes between 150 to 500 miles above Earth, has previously demonstrated the ability to remain in orbit for extended periods, with missions lasting over 900 days. This longevity allows for prolonged studies on the effects of space radiation and other environmental factors on various materials and technologies.
“There is no other space platform as capable, flexible and maneuverable as the X-37B.” Michelle Parker, vice president of Boeing’s Space Mission Systems, said in a statement.
After completing its aerobraking maneuvers, the X-37B will resume its testing and experimentation objectives. Once these are accomplished, the vehicle will de-orbit and return to Earth, utilizing its autonomous landing system to touch down horizontally like a conventional aircraft.
The Space Force has not disclosed the expected duration of the current mission.
“This first-of-a kind maneuver from the X-37B is an incredibly important milestone for the United States Space Force as we seek to expand our aptitude and ability to perform in this challenging domain,” said Gen. Chance Saltzman, chief of space operations.